Manuscripts

Gospel of Thomas

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Era: Coptic copy 4th c.; composition debated (mid 2nd c. most likely)
Location: Found at Nag Hammadi
Discovered: 1945 (full Coptic); Greek fragments at Oxyrhynchus, 1897-1904

Note on contested claims: Genuinely ancient (Coptic copy 4th c., possibly Greek originals 2nd c.), but not apostolic. The early church knew of texts like Thomas and excluded them.

A collection of 114 sayings attributed to Jesus — no narrative, no crucifixion, no resurrection. It contains both material paralleled in the canonical Gospels and clearly Gnostic sayings (like the notorious saying 114).

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